Industrial emissions from the aluminum, steel, and cement industries in India play a crucial role in driving economic development in the country; however, they are also one of the leading causes of industrial emissions. The issue brief outlines an effective approach towards the low-carbon transition of such hard-to-decarbonize industrial sectors.

The country’s decarbonization strategy focuses on sector-specific pathways: increasing recycling and material efficiency in aluminum, scrap-based and hydrogen-based production in steel, and improved efficiency and clinker substitution in cement production. These efforts are supported by a mix of policy measures, including carbon trading, green procurement, financial incentives, and infrastructure investment, tailored to India’s unique economic and resource conditions.

Compared to other emerging economies, India’s approach is broadly aligned with global best practices but must accelerate technology adoption and strengthen policy enforcement.