Assessing technologies for expanding renewable energy in Kerala

To reach India’s declared goal of net zero emissions by 2070 and a cumulative RE capacity of 500 GW by 2030, the states will need to actively participate in the effort. This working paper focuses on Kerala, which has set more ambitious targets of becoming a 100 percent RE-based state by 2040 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Kerala imports approximately 70 percent of its electricity, mostly from fossil fuel sources. As part of its plan to transition to clean energy, the state is in the process of expanding its RE capacity. Kerala has a complex terrain and geography, with eco-sensitive zones. Suitable wind-rich sites and land for large-scale solar projects are limited. In this context, it is important to explore a wider set of RE options and related technologies that could benefit the state.

This paper develops a technology assessment framework called TAF and utilizes it to understand various RE and supporting technologies in the context of Kerala. It prioritizes these technologies based on the state’s RE potential and strategic needs. The prioritized technologies are then further assessed using multiple indicators. Barriers to technology adoption and information supplementing the assessed parameters are also recorded. The current landscape of various RE technologies in the state is described. The output from the assessment of various technologies is then used to derive insights and provide recommendations for Kerala.

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